Cordless-Microscope
All about Cordless-Microscope.Four-year Experience of Interstitial Permanent Brachytherapy for Japanese Men with Localized Prostate Cancer
Four-year Experience of Interstitial Permanent Brachytherapy for Japanese Men with Localized Prostate Cancer
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To report 4 year results obtained with our initial 100 patients with localized prostate cancer treated by interstitial permanent brachytherapy.
One-hundred Japanese men with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy using 125I seeds. Median follow-up was 36 months (range, 30–42 months). Median initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 6.7 ng/ml (range, 1.5–25.2 ng/ml). Of these 100 patients, 31 received neoadjuvant hormone therapy for several months. Treatment morbidities were assessed using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scale and National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria.
A mean of 95 seeds (range, 48–123 seeds) were successfully implanted in patients with prostate cancer. Mean prostate volume receiving at least 100% dose (V100) and dose to 90% of prostate volume (D90) for the 100 patients were 96.6% and 166.1 Gy, respectively. Urinary morbidity was common, but was usually not severe. Only four patients needed catheterization for urinary retention (Grade 3) during follow-up. Most patients displayed no rectal morbidity after implantation, with only 3% of patients showing RTOG Grade 2 rectal morbidity and no patients showing morbidity of Grade 3 or more. Three patients experienced biochemical failure according to Phoenix consensus definition during follow-up. One patient displayed clinical failure with lymph node recurrence.
These results indicate that interstitial permanent brachytherapy is safe and effective for Japanese patients with localized prostate cancer. The import of matured techniques developed in Western countries might allow bypass of the trial-and-error process in Japanese institutions.
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| Research Articles Ricardo P. Santos, Theodora T.P. Arruda, Cibele B.M. Carvalho, Victor A. Carneiro, Lara Q.V. Braga, Edson H. Teixeira, Francisco V.S. Arruda, Benildo S. Cavada, Alexandre Havt, Taianá M. de Oliveira, Gustavo A. Bezerra, Valder N. Freire, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 14 Issue 02 , pp 150-158 Abstract Biofilms are assemblages of microorganisms and their associated extracellular products at an interface and typically with an abiotic or biotic surface. The study of the morphology of biofilms is important because they are associated with processes of biofouling, corrosion, catalysis, pollutant transformation, dental caries, drug resistance, and so forth. In the literature, biofilms have been examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), which has proven to be a potent tool to study different aspects of the biofilm development on solid surfaces. In this work, we used AFM to investigate topographical changes during the development process of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms, which were generated on sterile cellulose nitrate membrane (CNM) filters in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth agar blood plates after 24, 36, 72, 192, and 360 h. AFM height images showed topographical changes due to biofilm development, which were used to characterize several aspects of the bacterial surface, such as the presence of extracellular polymeric substance, and the biofilm development stage. Changes in the development stage of the biofilm were shown to correlate with changes in the surface roughness as quantified through the mean roughness. |
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| • | New Book Offers Scientific Look At Love |
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| • | Navy Engineering Camp |
With summer programs in full swing, the articles about summer science learning are starting as well. Here is one about a Navy-sponsored program, the Patriots Technology Training Center, in Maryland. This quote is specifically about recruiting Navy engineers, but it could probably apply to any program looking to engage kids in math and science: "We need to get the word-of-mouth to spread things. What we are finding is that kids are generating their own interest and it spreads very positively." The idea that science and engineering are "not cool" is mostly an adult construction that kids pick up on. Building submarines can be cool, as long as adults don't make kids sit in a classroom and get lectured about submarines. |
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| • | The Role of Ultrasound in the Management of Flexor Tendon Injuries |
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The use of ultrasound scanning to establish tendon pathologies was assessed retrospectively in 17 patients in 18 digits. The ultrasound scan demonstrated four patterns: (1) normal intact tendons in four, (2) ruptured tendons in three, (3) tendons in continuity but attenuated in five and (4) tendons in continuity but thickened with fibrosis and decreased movement representing adhesions in five patients. Surgery was undertaken in only three cases, confirming the ultrasound diagnosis in two. Surgery was offered to all three patients with ruptures but was declined by two. Ultrasound imaging helped to avoid surgery in 14 cases by excluding flexor tendon re-ruptures. This allowed on-going mobilisation, leading to recovery of function. |
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| • | Scanning electron microscopic observation of the sensory region in the frog muscle spindle |
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The equatorial sensory region of muscle spindles in the fourth toe extensor digitorum longus muscle of the adult frog was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Segments of this thin and long muscle after fixation were longitudinally cut with a razor blade and then treated with an HCl-hydrolysis method to remove connective tissues. Cells of the inner capsule extended thin and flattened cytoplasmic processes, showing a sieve-like appearance. Some specimens after a partial disruption of the inner capsule reevaluated at the fine structural level that numerous sensory terminals with varicose swellings longitudinally arranged along each intrafusal muscle fiber. |
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