Cordless-Microscope
All about Cordless-Microscope.Low-dose Craniospinal Irradiation and Ifosfamide, Cisplatin and Etoposide for Non-metastatic Embryonal Tumors in the Central Nervous System
Low-dose Craniospinal Irradiation and Ifosfamide, Cisplatin and Etoposide for Non-metastatic Embryonal Tumors in the Central Nervous System
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The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of low-dose craniospinal irradiation (CSI) combined with chemotherapy on non-metastatic embryonal tumors in the central nervous system (CNS), including medulloblastoma and supra-tentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (ST-PNET).
All patients were treated according to the following protocol. After surgery, the patients ≤5 years old received 18 Gy and the patients >5 years old received 24 Gy CSI. The dose to the primary tumor bed was 39.6–54 Gy. Chemotherapy consisted of ifosfamide, cisplatin and etoposide (ICE chemotherapy).
Sixteen patients aged 0.5–20.4 (median 6.1) years were enrolled and followed for 11–165 (median 112) months. Both 5-year actuarial overall survival (OAS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 81% (95% confidence interval (CI): 62–100%) for the 16 patients. Both 5-year OAS and PFS were 82% (CI: 59–100%) for the patients with medulloblastoma and 80% (CI: 45–100%) for the patients with ST-PNET. Both 5-year OAS and PFS were 75% for the eight patients ≤5 years old and 88% for the eight patients >5 years old. Both 5-year OAS and PFS were 100% for six average-risk patients (3 years or older, total resection and posterior fossa) and 70% for 10 poor-risk patients (others). The median total intellectual quotient at the last follow-up was 85 (ranging from 48 to 103) in 12 patients who were followed for 3–145 (median 49) months. Eight patients received hormone replacement therapy.
Low-dose CSI and ICE chemotherapy may have a role as a treatment option for a subset of patients with non-metastatic embryonal tumors in the CNS.
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Other Articles:
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| Research Articles Miyoko Tanaka, Akane Tameike, Nobuhiro Ishikawa, Kazuo Furuya, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 14 Issue 02 , pp 176-183 Abstract The development of a remotely operated scanning electron microscopy (SEM) system and its use by high school students and the public as an outreach program are reported. The SEM and the server are located in the National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan, with client computers installed at a science museum and high schools. Using a secure virtual private network system and scheduling management groupware, observation of SEM images and energy dispersive X-ray analysis are widely and frequently performed throughout Japan. |
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| • | Encyclopedia of Life is Online |
| The Encyclopedia of Life, intended to become an online catalog of all species on Earth, began its alpha test of 30,000 pages yesterday. There are placeholders for 1 million species. (FYI, there are estimated to be 1.8 million known species on Earth, and of course more that have yet to be identified.) This project is notable not just on its face as a remarkable collection of information, contributed by top scientists. It is also remarkable because it opens vast new amounts of information to everyone in an easily accessed way. It also shows the power of collaboration. This is not exactly citizen science, since the contributions will come from experts. However, it will take a large community of experts to make the Encyclopedia a reality. As the site grows, it should give readers a view of the inner workings of science, since there will certainly be disagreements about what species goes where, what the implications of certain connections are, etc. E.O. Wilson, the eminent Harvard biologist who inspired the site and has led its development, observes, "This great effort promises to lay out new directions for research in every branch of biology." By making this valuable information accessible to everyone, the EOL project should inspire many years of learning opportunities at all levels. Link to Encyclopedia of Life Link to Tree of Life (A related site that is also great) |
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| • | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Case-Control Study Evaluating Its Relationship with Body Mass Index and Hand and Wrist Measurements |
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This case–control study investigated the associations between the body mass index (BMI), hand and wrist measurements and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The hands and wrists of 50 patients with CTS and 50 age- and sex-matched controls were measured. The right and left wrist indices (wrist depth/wrist width) were significantly greater in CTS patients (mean = 0.71. SD = 0.04) than in the controls (mean = 0.69 SD = 0.04). The hand index (hand length/palm width) and BMI were not significantly different in the two groups. The hand, but not the wrist, index was found to correlate with the BMI. These results provide some support for a causative association between wrist morphometry, as measured by the wrist index, and CTS, but this difference is too small to be of diagnostic value in clinical or epidemiological practice. The results could also suggest that the previously reported association between CTS and the hand index may be secondary to differences in the BMI. |
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Vitrification is a morphological and physiological disorder affecting plants during their in vitro vegetative propagation. Vitrified plants have a poor survival rate when transferred from in vitro to greenhouse conditions, a fact mainly due to water loss and dissecation. It has been shown that normal and vitreous leaves of Datura insignis differ in the frequency of normal and abnormal stomata. The purpose of this work was to compare the surface of normal and vitreous leaves of D. insignis, using a modification of the platinum/carbon replica method. Adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of normal plantlets have a smooth and homogenous cuticle. A granular aspect, probably due to leaf age, rarely occurs at the periphery of the epidermal cells. Both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of vitrified plantlets show discontinuities in the cuticle, occurring at several regions of the outer periclinal cell walls. However, such discontinuities are most noticeable in the region between adjacent epidermal cells. Fibrils 20–30 nm thick show a random arrangement or an oriented pattern in cuticular discontinuities. In D. insignis vitrified plantlets, adaxial and abaxial leaf cuticle has discontinuities or gaps which may cause an increase in cuticular transpiration contributing to the low survival rate of vitrified plantlets. |
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