Cordless-Microscope
All about Cordless-Microscope.Metastatic Rectal Cancer Responding to Third-line Therapy Employing Bevacizumab After Failure of Oxaliplatin and Irinotecan: Case Report
Metastatic Rectal Cancer Responding to Third-line Therapy Employing Bevacizumab After Failure of Oxaliplatin and Irinotecan: Case Report
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A 61-year-old female with surgically treated rectal cancer that had metastasized to lung and lymph nodes was treated with bevacizumab (BV) plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) as third-line chemotherapy after treatment failures with infusional 5-FU, LV and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX regimen); and infusional 5-FU, LV and irinotecan (FOLFIRI regimen). After four cycles of treatment, a computed tomography scan revealed reduced sizes of the lung and lymph node metastases. Tumor response has still been maintained after six cycles of treatment, and the chemotherapeutic response was evaluated as partial response according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumor guidelines. Manageable toxicity included grade 2 hypertension, grade 1 epistaxis and grade 1 stomatitis. Although there are no clinical trial results supporting the use of BV-containing therapy as third-line chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer, BV plus 5-FU and LV was effective and feasible in our patient with colon cancer that had progressed after treatment with 5-FU, irinotecan and oxaliplatin.
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Other Articles:
| • | Luminescence Database I—Minerals and Materials |
| Research Articles Colin M. MacRae, Nicholas C. Wilson, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 14 Issue 02 , pp 184-204 Abstract A luminescence database for minerals and materials has been complied from the literature, the aim being to create a resource that will aid in the analysis of luminescence spectral of ionic species in minerals and materials. The database is based on a range of excitation techniques and records both major and minor lines, and their activators. The luminescence techniques included in the database are cathodoluminescence, ion luminescence, and photoluminescence. When combined with other traditional X-ray measurements collected on the same region, use of the luminescence database will give additional insight into the chemistry of minerals and materials. |
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| • | Legos Teach Fairness |
| I came across this article (via Digg) from a 2006 Rethinking Schools journal. The authors lead a before- and after-school program, and their story is about a teachable moment regarding ownership and society. The classroom Lego collection became a battleground as some kids claimed ownership of certain pieces, so the teachers developed a set of exercises and discussion opportunities to help resolve the issue. Over time, this evolved into a better understanding of how rules are formed and how societies function. I think out-of-school programs play a critical role in helping young people understand society. Because there is less formal structure, there is some room to let the kids form the rules. There is also time to reflect on how changes in those rules affect everyone. Open discussion and free choice cannot go as far in the classroom because there is a necessary structure there. (Of course, there are your "Dead Poet Society" exceptions, but how would those kids have done on their standardized tests??) One could read the Rethinking Schools article and worry that these teachers are preaching a form of communism - see James Clavell's The Children's Story for a fictional account. However, it is exercises in free thought and debate that allow the students to grow into adults who can appreciate the value of the world they live in without forgetting that it is imperfect. On a related note, the Afterschool Math PLUS curriculum includes a unit on the built environment which includes a design charette similar to the activity described in the article (building Pike Place Market from Legos). However, the kids using Math PLUS probably have instructors who are promoting cooperation and fair play more directly, since this is a deliberate part of this curriculum. The results that I have seen are great - the kids design wonderful communities (to scale - it is math after all!) and most have social justice built in. So, here is food for thought: is it better to deliberately teach our kids to be fair or better to conduct exercises that let them discover fairness on their own? |
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| • | The Osteogenic Potential of Pseudoarthrosis Tissue and Bone from Human Scaphoid Non-Unions |
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Scaphoid fractures have the highest prevalence of non-union in the human body, but little is known about the osteogenic potential of cells at the pseudoarthrosis. It was our goal to determine whether cells isolated from non-unions could be stimulated to differentiate into osteoblasts and produce bone in vitro. Fifteen human scaphoid non-unions were excised during surgery and bone from either side of the non-union and the fibrocartilagenous central regions were harvested. Osteoblastic populations were subcultured from these. The number of bone nodules (colonies of osteoblast cells that produced bone) from all three regions was similar to the number of nodules derived from iliac bone cultures from the same patients. Treatment of cells with rhBMP-2 resulted in a 3- to 10-fold increase in bone nodule formation in vitro from cells derived from the non-unions. These data demonstrate that cells at the pseudoarthrosis have osteogenic capability and can be stimulated by rhBMP-2, possibly increasing the ability to heal. |
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| • | Evaluation of a 2k CCD camera with an epitaxially grown CsI scintillator for recording energy-filtered electron cryo-micrographs |
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Zero-loss imaging of frozen-hydrated specimens requires a detector with high sensitivity, a low noise level and high spatial resolution, because more electrons are scattered inelastically than elastically by cryo-specimens and the number of electrons detected is ~1/4 of incident electrons after energy filtering. Cameras using charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are good candidates due to their high sensitivity. They have been used mainly to record electron diffraction patterns for electron crystallography due to their limited spatial resolution but recently used for acquiring direct images due to their convenience. The spatial resolution has been limited by the characteristics of a phosphor that is necessary to convert high-energy electrons to photons and the coupling. We adopted a CsI scintillator with good modulation transfer function (MTF), which was epitaxially grown from each of optical fibres. The stripes of carbon graphite with 3.4 Å spacing and 1.4 Å stripes of gold thin crystals could be recorded with a magnification of 240 000x and 560 000x at 200 kV, respectively. A computed Fourier transform of an image of a frozen-hydrated crystal of catalase containing about 1000 units showed diffraction spots at spatial frequencies of 1/9.6 Å–1 up to 1/8 Å–1 without background subtraction, when the image was recorded at 140 000x. These results show that the resolution of the developed camera was good enough to record images. Our used test method for MTF determination may be useful for others. |
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