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Cardiovascular Imaging Using Two-Photon Microscopy




Research Articles
John A. Scherschel, Michael Rubart,
Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 14 Issue 06 , pp 492-506

Abstract
Two-photon excitation microscopy has become the standard technique for high resolution deep tissue and intravital imaging. It provides intrinsic three-dimensional resolution in combination with increased penetration depth compared to single-photon confocal microscopy. This article will describe the basic physical principles of two-photon excitation and will review its multiple applications to cardiovascular imaging, including second harmonic generation and fluorescence laser scanning microscopy. In particular, the capability and limitations of multiphoton microscopy to assess functional heterogeneity on a cellular scale deep within intact, Langendorff-perfused hearts are demonstrated. It will also discuss the use of two-photon excitation-induced release of caged compounds for the study of intracellular calcium signaling and intercellular dye transfer.


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Independent Lab Results Prove Like New Gold Is Effective For Killing Highly Concentrated E.Coli
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Questionnaire Survey of Treatment Choice for Breast Cancer Patients with Brain Metastasis in Japan: Results of a Nationwide Survey by the Task Force of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society
Objective

A nationwide survey was performed to investigate the current patterns of care for brain metastasis (BM) from breast cancer in Japan.

Method

A total of 351 survey questionnaires were sent to community or academic breast oncologists who were members of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society as of December 2005. The questionnaire consists of 40 multiple choice questions in eight categories.

Results

Of 240 institutions sent survey questionnaires, 161 (67.1%) answered; 60% of institutions answered with ‘<5’ patients with BM every year; almost half (83 of 161) screened for BM in asymptomatic patients; surgical resection was rarely performed, as ~75% of institutions (118 of 160 institutions) answered ‘none or one case of surgery per year’; 27% (41 of 154) preferred stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) over whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) as the initial treatment in all cases, although ~70% (100 of 154) of them answered ‘depend on cases’. The preference for SRS over WBRT mainly depends on the impressions of breast oncologists about both safety (late normal tissue damage and dementia in WBRT) and efficacy (better local control by SRS). Eighty-one percent (117 of 144) of institutions did not limit the number of SRS sessions as far as technically applicable.

Conclusion

SRS is widely used as the first choice for BM from breast cancer in Japan. Considerable numbers of Japanese breast oncologists prefer SRS over WBRT as the initial treatment for BM. A randomized trial comparing SRS and WBRT is warranted.

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"Fossil imprint" of Tycho Brahe's 1572 supernova reported in Nature.
'In 1572, a "new star" appeared in the sky which stunned astronomers and exploded ancient theories of the universe.

Now the supernova recorded by Tycho Brahe has been glimpsed again, by Max Planck Institute scientists. They used telescopes in Hawaii and Spain to capture faint light echoes of the original explosion, reflected by interstellar dust. This "fossil imprint" of Tycho's famous supernova is reported in Nature.

The study will help solve a 400-year-old mystery over the nature of the celestial event which captivated observers across the globe.'

The link below has a movie as well as further details.

See BBC News.
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Nominate our After-School Science Project
Some members of the Coalition for Science After School have submitted a project for consideration by the American Express Members Project. This program grants funds to projects that have been suggested by AmEx members for worthy causes. We hope that you will help us by logging on to the Members Project site and nominating our proposal. You do not have to have an American Express card to participate.

The project is called "Afterschool Science and Technology Seminars," and the link is: http://www.membersproject.com/project/view/86H7ME

Should we receive funding for this project, it would support hundreds of individuals or organizations in starting science clubs. This would be a positive achievement for all of us and benefit the entire field. Even if the project is not selected, having it as a finalist would provide great publicity for after-school STEM as a goal.

Again, the link is: http://www.membersproject.com/project/view/86H7ME.

Here is a link that will take you straight to the "Guest Signup" page if you are not a cardmember:
https://www.membersproject.com/registration/guest_signup.html

All you have to do is login and click nominate. Feel free to leave comments as well. The sooner you do this, the better, since it will move up to the top of the list faster. Please also pass this link along to friends and colleagues.

Thanks for your support!
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Temporary Ectopic Digital Implantation: A Clinical Series of Eight Digits

This paper reports our experience with temporary ectopic digital implantation. Four patients suffered 12 digital amputations with large defect over the proximal stumps. Only 8 digits were suitable for microsurgical salvage but the local conditions made direct replantation impossible. In our first patient, the two digits were ectopically implanted onto the foot, while in the second patient the four amputated digits were implanted onto the opposite forearm. After stump reconstruction, the digits were microsurgically transferred to the hand, restoring a functional pinch. One digit suffered a venous congestion and necrosis in the ectopic site caused by a haematoma and another experienced a no-reflow phenomenon. In conclusion, temporary ectopic implantation remains a procedure that can be used to salvage amputated digits.

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Rapid autotuning for crystalline specimens from an inline hologram

A method to measure the aberration function for a crystalline specimen from a single inline hologram or ‘Ronchigram’ by dividing it up into small patches is derived. Measurement of aberrations is demonstrated from both dynamical simulations and experimental Ronchigrams. This method should allow rapid fine-tuning on a variety of crystalline specimens and represents a key step toward active optics for scanning transmission electron microscopy.

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