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Comparison of TEM specimen preparation of perovskite thin films by tripod polishing and conventional ion milling




In this article, the effects of the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimen preparation techniques, such as ion milling and tripod polishing on perovskite oxides for high-resolution TEM investigation, are compared. Conventional and liquid nitrogen cooled ion milling induce a new domain orientation in thin films of SrRuO3 and LaFeO3 grown on (001)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates. This is not observed in tripod-polished specimens. Different ion milling rates for thin films and substrates in cross-section specimens lead to artefacts in the interface region, degrading the specimen quality. This is illustrated by SrRuO3 and PbTiO3 thin films grown on (001)-oriented SrTiO3. By applying tripod polishing and gentle low-angle, low-energy ion milling while cooling the sample, the effects from specimen preparation are reduced resulting in higher quality of the TEM study. In the process of making face-to-face cross-section specimens by tripod polishing, it is crucial that the glue layer attaching the slabs of material is very thin (<50 nm).




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Second-Harmonic Generation Imaging of Membrane Potential with Photon Counting
Research Articles
Jiang Jiang, Rafael Yuste,
Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 14 Issue 06 , pp 526-531

Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) can be used for imaging membrane potential in neurons, but poor signal-to-noise (S/N) limits accurate measurements of small voltage transients. We use photon counting to improve the S/N of weak SHG signal detection. Photon counting generates shot-noise limited and integrable signals, eliminates pulse-to-pulse variation, and built-in discriminators reduces the background to practically zero. In single trials, by using photon counting, we obtain a more than a twofold S/N increase over analog voltage detection. Trial-to-trial variability is also reduced by 50%. Finally, we show that, using photon counting, the kinetics of fast events such as action potentials can be recorded more accurately.
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Chromosomal Laboratories Appoints R. Vincent Miller, Ph.D., Vice President And Chief Technical Officer
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A Phase I Trial of 5-Fluorouracil with Cisplatin and Concurrent Standard-dose Radiotherapy in Japanese Patients with Stage II/III Esophageal Cancer
Objective

In Japan, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 400 mg/m2 on Days 1–5, 8–12, 36–40 and 43–46 with cisplatin (CDDP) 40 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8, 36 and 43 plus concurrent radiotherapy with 2 weeks planned interruption (60 Gy) was standard for the patients with esophageal cancer. This Phase I trial was designed to determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of 5-FU on Days 1–4 and 29–32 with CDDP on Days 1 and 29 plus concurrent radiotherapy (50.4 Gy) among the Japanese.

Methods

Escalating doses of 5-FU and CDDP were administered with concurrent radiotherapy (50.4 Gy). Treatment was continued until DLT appeared.

Results

Twelve patients with previously untreated clinical Stage II/III squamous cell esophageal carcinoma were studied. One of six patients given Level 1 (5-FU 800 mg/m2 on Days 1–4 and 29–32 with CDDP 75 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 29) developed a DLT of incomplete protocol treatment due to Grade 3 esophagitis. The MTD was not reached at Level 2 (5-FU 1000 mg/m2 with CDDP 75 mg/m2). The complete response rate was 67% at Level 1 and 100% at Level 2.

Conclusions

Dose Level 2 with 50.4 Gy radiotherapy was recommended for Japanese patients.

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Perimeter Institute publishes live physics resources
The Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics has published on its website a section on hot topics in modern physics on the 'What We Research' outreach page. The info includes text, graphics and online presentations dealing with Cosmology, Superstring Theory, Quantum Gravity, Quantum Foundations, Quantum Information and Particle Physics. The resource section at the bottom of each page recommends a wealth of interesting online lectures by some famous scientists.

See Perimeter Institute.
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The Clinical Significance of Malunion of Fractures of the Neck and Shaft of the Little Finger Metacarpal

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Journal of Electron Microscopy - recent issues
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