Cordless-Microscope
All about Cordless-Microscope.The Outcome of Prostate Cancer Screening in a Normal Japanese Population with PSA of 2-4 ng/ml and the Free/Total PSA Under 12%
The Outcome of Prostate Cancer Screening in a Normal Japanese Population with PSA of 2-4 ng/ml and the Free/Total PSA Under 12%
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No previous study has reported the numbers of prostate cancer (PC) patients existing among a normal Japanese population with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) < 4 ng/ml. The aim of this study was to elucidate the performance of %free PSA as a screening tool for a normal Japanese population with PSA of 2–4 ng/ml and to examine the characteristics of cancer detected using this criterion.
We conducted a prospective, multi-center study to evaluate the performance of %free PSA among a normal Japanese population. We decided on a %free PSA cutoff value of 12% according to the preliminary results. A total of 5548 consecutive screening volunteers aged 50–79 years were enrolled in the project. Men with total PSA > 4 ng/ml, or men with total PSA of 2–4 ng/ml and %free PSA of ≤12% were indicated to undergo 12 core biopsies.
There were 826 (14.9%) men with PSA of 2–4 ng/ml. Among them, those with %free PSA of ≤12% numbered 100 (12.1%). Forty-nine out of 100 men (49%) received biopsy, and 16 PC patients were detected. Among 10 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, seven were associated with extra-prostatic extension (pT3) or high-grade cancer (Gleason score ≥ 8).
We confirmed the ability of %free PSA and demonstrated that there are considerable numbers of PC patients among the normal Japanese population with PSA of 2–4 ng/ml. We ascertained that cancers detected in this study had a variety of tumor characteristics, including those of an aggressive nature.
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| Research Articles Paolo P. Provenzano, Kevin W. Eliceiri, Long Yan, Aude Ada-Nguema, Matthew W. Conklin, David R. Inman, Patricia J. Keely, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 14 Issue 06 , pp 532-548 Abstract Nonlinear optical imaging techniques such as multiphoton and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy used in conjunction with novel signal analysis techniques such as spectroscopic and fluorescence excited state lifetime detection have begun to be used widely for biological studies. This is largely due to their promise to noninvasively monitor the intracellular processes of a cell together with the cell's interaction with its microenvironment. Compared to other optical methods these modalities provide superior depth penetration and viability and have the additional advantage in that they are compatible technologies that can be applied simultaneously. Therefore, application of these nonlinear optical approaches to the study of breast cancer holds particular promise as these techniques can be used to image exogeneous fluorophores such as green fluorescent protein as well as intrinsic signals such as SHG from collagen and endogenous fluorescence from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or flavin adenine dinucleotide. In this article the application of multiphoton excitation, SHG, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to relevant issues regarding the tumor-stromal interaction, cellular metabolism, and cell signaling in breast cancer is described. Furthermore, the ability to record and monitor the intrinsic fluorescence and SHG signals provides a unique tool for researchers to understand key events in cancer progression in its natural context. |
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| • | 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics breaks symmetry |
 The 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics relates to broken symmetry discoveries which led to the quark model.The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2008 with half to Yoichiro Nambu of the Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, IL, USA "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics" and the other half jointly to Makoto Kobayashi, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan and Toshihide Maskawa,Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Japan "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature". See Nobel Prize Announcement. |
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| • | Plate Fixation in Closed Ipsilateral Multiple Metacarpal Fractures |
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Closed multiple metacarpal fractures are uncommon. They are usually associated with significant soft tissue swelling. Early stable fixation and functional rehabilitation optimises outcome. We present a review of 19 patients with 43 metacarpal fractures treated by early open reduction and internal fixation with 2 mm plates. Eighteen patients recovered a full range of motion, while one patient was lost to follow-up. Implant removal on account of extensor irritation was required in only two metacarpals in two patients. Plating of multiple closed metacarpal fractures is a safe, reliable and consistently reproducible treatment method. |
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| • | Comment on 'Electron holography on dynamic motion of secondary electrons around sciatic nerve tissues' |
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We present an alternative interpretation of the holographic phase dislocation loops revealed by Shindo et al. [J. Electron Microsc. 56(1): 1–5 (2007)] around a charged sample. Our interpretation does not involve the motion of secondary electrons around a charged object. It relates, instead, to fluctuating charges on the sample and to the resulting Moiré-type patterns in the hologram. |
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